The first Phoenician explorer to reach the
shores of this continent was believed to be Abd-haddon, in about 415 BC. He was an
eccentric and somewhat disenchanted adventurer who led a small fleet consisting mostly of
fellow Chaldaeans. The Chaldaeans had been former rulers of Phoenicia but had been
replaced by the Persians about 100 years previously (538 BC). Chaldaean colonists had
assimilated into the Phoenician mercantile culture but had brought with them a greater
emphasis on magic and mysticism, and especially an obsession with astrology. By the late
400s this Chaldaean subculture had become disaffected from mainstream Phoenician life as
their position at the peak of the social hierarchy was taken over by Persians and others.
A kind of obsession had developed about a new world far to the East of anything previously
known, where the Gods kept their storehouse of wisdom. Abd-haddon, with a shrewd eye to
possible traffic in spices and dye stuffs and precious stones, led an expedition
part-commercial part-zealot to the land beyond the lands of the dawn. There were enough
star-gazers on board to ensure a certain amount of confidence in being able to get there
and back.The small group of three or four ships sailed beyond the Pillars of Hercules
and around the Horn of Africa, they reached the shores of India and crossed into the
Indian ocean and made their way towards the West coast of Australia. It was a remarkable
feat of seamanship aided by an extremely lucky series of weather conditions which were
capped off by an event that had a profound effect on the entire future of Australia. A day
before sighting land, some time in the early hours of the morning, the most spectacular
meteor shower ever seen occurred over the West coast of the continent that they were soon
to reach. For the astrologers on board this was the last straw; they had already been
filled with awe at their first sight of the southern skies and the Great Milky way, they
had been euphoric at the (unwonted) success of their predictions about wind and weather
conditions, but this finally flipped them into an ecstasy with no return. They were
certain that in Australia they would meet with the Gods, that they would themselves become
Gods.
When the ships reached land, at a point somewhere between the present day cities of
Broome and Port Hedland, the mariners found a vast empty landscape. The local Aborigines
had taken the meteor shower as a sign that certain spirits had need of this part of the
land for their own rituals of cosmic import and had cleared out to leave them undisturbed.
Two factions formed among the new arrivals. The larger group was frightened and homesick
and wanted to collect anything that could be found to have commercial value and then
return home. In particular they wanted to gather up as many of the meteorites as possible
because these, if strange and metallic enough, could be sold at a great price to any
burgeoning city in the Middle East wanting to add power to its own special temple and
local Godling. The antipodean flora could also fetch a great price if sold as medicine.
They also, apparently, somehow got hold of crocus shells, which explains why these
together with fronds of dried Eucalyptus leaves have recently been unearthed in clay pots
buried near Palmyra in Syria, and dating from around this period.
The smaller group, consisting of most of the star-gazers, wanted to stay and set up
special astrological temples in order to communicate directly with the Gods. In fact they
insisted on staying. This created a dilemma for Abd-haddon, since if all the star-gazers
remained in Australia they would never be able to find the auspicious way home. He
eventually reached a compromise by convincing the faction of star-gazers that some of
their number should return with him in order to spread word of their discovery amongst
their brethren, so that others could come out and join them and found the colony that many
of them dreamed of. In return he left a group of slaves with the colonists, highly trained
men and even some women (possibly captives taken in India or Sri Lanka), who would ensure
the material survival of the group, at least for a short time.
Perhaps the star-gazers that returned with Abd-haddon were a more junior group because
they were not as fortunate in their voyage home as they had been on the voyage out and
only one of the ships made it back to Sidon. All but a few of the smaller meteorites were
lost and just two of the star-gazers remained, but they were still on fire and rapidly
spread word of the wondrous place they had been to, which they named, Shamem-hadashti,
meaning "new heaven". They were listened to with a certain scepticism, tempered
by the evidences they had brought with them, especially some small blue metallic
meteorites and a rudimentary star map. As disaffection with Persian rule grew a new
faction of believers crystallised around these stories of Shamem-hadashti, but it was not
until nearly 50 years later in 361 BC that a new and larger expedition set forth guided by
the maps and oral instructions left by the two star-gazers from the Abd-haddon voyage, who
were now of course dead. The members of this expedition were proto-colonists and they were
fortunate in their timing because shortly after they left Phoenicia revolted against the
Persians, a revolt which was ultimately put down in a very bloody fashion by Ataxerxes
III, and most of the Chaldaean-Phoenicians back home perished.
Meanwhile back in Australia the original group of "settlers" had died off by
this time, but the remnants of their astrological colony were still very much alive. When
they had first arrived they had immediately set about building temple-observatories in all
of the meteor craters. These were initially made out of wood and consisted of circles of
vertical pillars inscribed with the names and rudimentary figures of the Gods, surrounding
a strange apparatus consisting of a moveable bed, where the observer would lie and stare
up into the heavens where he would gain a fix on any particular star by sliding a network
of small wooden struts into place. It was nearly half a year before the local Aborigines
returned and when they did they naturally concluded that these structures and the men in
them had hatched from the meteorites which they had seen fall and which were now nowhere
to be found. As successful traders in many lands the Phoenicians were possessed of a
certain innate sensitivity to contact with other cultures, so relations between these
colonists and the Aborigines developed with a peacefulness that us descendants of a
barbaric European culture are almost incapable of imagining. The two groups grew close
after a time through a commerce in myths and stories, in ritual objects and in deep
metaphysical visions.
One of the stories that persisted amongst the settler group was of their brethren from
the old country that would come and join them, and for this reason their group always
remained in the same spot as when they had first arrived. When the second group finally
came, at least ten ships surviving from an original fleet of more than twenty, and led by
the great Esar-fereng-pal, they found a dying ember of the original colony maintained by a
group of mixed descendants blended in with the local Aboriginal culture, which had itself
been indelibly changed by contact with the foreigners. The mythology that continued to be
unfolded here was a fecund hybrid of Dreamtime and Middle Eastern cosmology. The new
arrivals injected a more determined colonising intention into this context, and set up a
sort of city on the coast which was called Qarth-sakun-yathon. This flourished for about
150 or 200 years. At its height it traded with the Indonesian islands and from there went
forth small groups who penetrated far into the continental interior. Wherever they came
into contact with the Aborigines, the Djarinjin, the Yungngora, the Nimingarra and the
Pippingarra initially, and then later the peoples of the Central Desert, they left their
mark in the form of a subtly altered mythology and the rudiments of a written culture.
In the four centuries that followed there were perhaps three more Phoenician fleets
that managed to reach Australia, almost always motivated by a desire to escape cultural
oppression by migrating to a place believed to be on a higher metaphysical plane than the
known Earth. By the time the Romans took over Phoenicia a sceptical temper had so
triumphed that there were no longer any who were game to make the voyage from which so few
had returned. For indeed those among the colonists whose hope had been for rich pickings
to be traded for wealth back home, were to be disappointed. Ships plying the return route
disappeared with few exceptions. Successive waves of migration enriched only the culture
of Qarth-sakun-yathon, which was richly fed by refugees from the burgeoning Gnostic sects
and by those who had had contact with India. After a while trade stagnated and the city
itself melted into its surroundings. All direct filiation with the Mediterranean world
ceased.
When the British invaders arrived hundreds of years later they were astonished by the
remarkable culture they encountered amongst the Aborigines, especially as their
explorations drew them further West. There were enough elements of Middle Eastern
mythology in this palimpsest to tease them with similarities to their own professed
Christianity. An invasion of religious crackpots and others followed in the wake of James
Cook, convinced that they would find the lost tribes of Israel or the hidden records of
Christ's novitiate, or such things. And in fact even today it is not unusual for ancient
documents of singular interest to be found buried somewhere on the outskirts of the desert
colonies. Among the most important migrants drawn by this metaphysical gold rush was the
great Australian poet and visionary William Blake who stands as one of the founders of the
artistic tradition for which Australia is now so famous.